Worksheet 4 / Periodic table

1. Periodic table is the arrangement of elements according to…………………………
2. Periodic table contains 3/4…………… and 1/4………………………………
3. Define semimetals
……………………………………………………………………………
4. Give examples……………………………….
5. Give uses of metalloids …………………………………………
6. Name a non metal in the same period as lithium……………………………

7. Elements in the same group have …………….. Properties
1. Same 2. Similar
8. Group one elements are having similar properties. Why?
………………………………………………………………………………
9. The vertical columns are called ………………, there are ……….no of groups
10. Horizontal columns are called ………………, there are ……….no of periods

10 give the uses of noble gases ……………………………………….
11. Why noble gases are uncreative……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. Name the group I elements ………………………………………………………..
13. In group I the reactivity increases down the group …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Why potassium is more reactive than sodium …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Name the gas produced when sodium is kept in water. Give effect of litmus in the remaining solution ……………………………………………………………..
16. Write down three observations that you see when sodium is kept in water
……………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Give the reaction of group I metals (sodium, potassium, lithium) in water. Write the balances equation

…………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Give the reaction of group 2 metals (magnesium, calcium) in water. Write the balances equation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Which one of the following can form a single positive ion?
Sodium, chlorine, neon, calcium
………………………………………………………………………

Work sheet
Alkanes

Reactions of alkanes

chlorination of methane

Give the Condition for the reaction: ………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Give the equation for the burning of methane in air

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3. Draw the isotopes of butane and pentane























Alkenes

What are unsaturated compounds?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

2. Which one of the following are unsaturated compounds




Ans ……………………………..




Give the test for unsaturated compounds

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Which one of the following can decolorize the bromine water?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4.Draw the first 3 alkenes














What is cracking? ( imp)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4. What are the conditions for cracking?

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5. Give the complete equation for the following


C H ------------------ +

C H --------------------- +

C H ----------------------- +




COMPLETE COMBUTION OF HYDROCARBONS

Hydrocarbon + oxygen ----------------- +

Petrol + oxygen __________ +

Methane + oxygen __________ +




INCOMPLETE COMBUTION OF HYDROCARBONS (imp)

Hydrocarbon + oxygen ----------------- +
Petrol + oxygen __________ +

Methane + oxygen __________ +



6. Explain the health problem associated with the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbon

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7. Give the environmental problem associated with burning of hydrocarbon
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Ethanol
1. What is the functional group in alcohol?
Draw the displayed formula of ethanol showing the entire bonds





2. Explain the two methods of preparation of ethanol













WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO METHOD
Hydration
fermentation











Which method is prefers in Middle East and in a cold country like Spain

Middle East ………………………………………………….

Reason………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Spain ……………………………………………………………….


Reason………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

COMPOUND
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
ALCOHOL

ACID

ESTER


REACTIONS OF ALCOHOL



















Natural oil and gas


Crude oil –


Explain FRACTIONAL DISTILATION OF CRUDE OIL



















Uses of different fractions

Petrol -
Naphtha-
Kerosene-
Diesel -
Bitumen -



Boiling point and no of carbon atoms in a mixture of hydrocarbon







1. Boiling point and hydrocarbon are given below

Hydrocarbon

Boiling point
No of carbon atoms

gas

-40-40 c

C1-C4

petrol

40-100 c

C4-C8

Naphtha

100-160 c

C6-C10

kerosene

250-350c

C10-C16

Diesel oil

350-450c

C16-C20


What is the trend in the boiling point in the series? Relate the trend with the number of carbon atoms in the chain of each compound. GIVE THE REASON

………………………………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………………………









Synthetic polymers


1.What are Monomer------------------------------------------

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2.Polymers –

…………………………………………………………………………………………..




3.Give the two types polymers – …………………………………………………………………..

4.Name the monomer of polyethene



5.Draw the repeating unit of polyethene




6. Draw the equation for the formation of polythene




7. Name the monomer of polypropene

………………………………………………………



8.Draw the repeating unit of poly propene




9.Draw the equation for the formation of polypropene






10.Name the monomer of polychloroethene

………………………………………………………………
11.Draw the repeating unit of polychloroethene





12.Draw the equation for the formation of polychloroethene





13Use of addition polymers
polymer
properties
Uses

Poly ethene





Polymer
Poly propene



Properties
Uses
Polymer
Properties
Uses

Poly chloro ethene








14.what are condensation polymers .give examples



15.Give the monomers of nylon
Carboxylic acid =
acid chloride =
Amines =


16. Draw the structure of nylon





Name the monomers…………………………………

Name the linkage …………………………………..

Name the molecule removed ……………………….

Give the type of condensation …………………………………

Name the polymer ……………………………….

2. Draw the structure of nylon







Name the monomers…………………………………

Name the linkage …………………………………..

Name the molecule removed ……………………….

Give the type of condensation …………………………………


Use of nylon –…………………………………………

Terelene (polyester )
17.Give the monomers of nylon
Carboxylic acid =
Diol =

18. Draw the structure of terelene







Name the monomers…………………………………

Name the linkage …………………………………..

Name the molecule removed ……………………….

Give the type of condensation …………………………………

Name the polymer ……………………………….

Use of polyester –

Fill in the blanks



20)HALOGEN HALOGEN IONS PHYSICL STATE COLOR

FLURINE F ……………… ……………….

CLORINE Cl …………………. …………………

BROMINE Br ………………….. …………………

IODINE I ………………….. ……………….





Fill in the blanks

ELEMENT ELECTON ARRANGEMENT

FLURINE ………………

CLORINE ………………..

BROMINE 2, 8,18,7

IODIDNE 2,8,18,18,7



21) Name the USES OF FLURINE

…………………………………………………………

22)Complete the following

SODIUM+ CLORINE ____________________ …………………………….

2Na + Cl _________________________
2 ………………………………..


23)Explain the test for chlorine gas?

………………………………………

24) Explain the how the chlorine dissolve in water? Write the equation

…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………..

Chemicals needed for A levels


ammonium hydroxide


ammonium chloride


iron ammonium sulphate ( Mohr’s salt)


aluminum powder



barium nitrate


copper nitrate


copper chloride


chromium chloride


cobalt nitrate


lead nitrate


magnesium chloride

magnesium sulphate


magnesium carbonate

magnesium bicarbonate



iron (III) chloride


magnesium ribbon


hydrogen peroxide


ferrous sulphate


phenolphthalein


zinc powder


potassium iodide


potassium chloride


potassium bromide


potassium dichromate


potassium bi carbonate


nickel chloride


sodium bi carbonate


hydrated sodium carbonate


universal indicator



sodium thiosulphate


sodium hydrogen sulphate


zinc sulphate


zinc chloride


oxalic acid

methyl orange

benedict solution

sodium nitrate

Apparatus

Electronic balance

reagent bottles -

1. Draw the bonding in metals








2. Why metals are malleable







3. Why metals conduct electricity









4. Sodium chloride is having a high melting point. why?








5. Draw and explain the structure of diamond



















6. Diamond is having a high melting point .why?






7. Why sodium chloride do not conduct electricity in solid state










8. Diamond is having a high sublimation point .why?








9. Why is diamond used for cutting?








10. Draw the structure of sodium chloride and magnesium chloride










11Why magnesium chloride is having a high melting point than sodium chloride









12.Molten sodium chloride conducts electricity. Why?








13.Define alloys. Why they are hard. Draw the structure of alloys

Chemistry in society
1. Name the ore of iron-----------------------
2. Give the chemical name of hematite -----------------
3. Name the apparatus used for extraction of iron ----------------------------
4. Give the chemical formula of hematite---------------------------
5. Why the furnace is lined with bricks ---------------------------
6. Draw the blast furnace. Label it












7. Name the three raw materials needed for the extraction of iron…………………………………
8. Name the reducing agent in the blast furnace ……………………….
9. What is the role of carbon dioxide in the furnace? Give equation(imp)
………………………………………………………….
10. What is the role of calcium carbonate in the blast furnace?( imp)
………………………………………………………………………….
11. Give all the equations in blast furnace (imp)
………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………..
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………………………………………………………………………
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12. Why hot air is blast from the bottom of the furnace
………………………………………………………………………………………
13) Explain the extraction of zinc by reduction
………………………………………………………………………………….
14. Name the reducing agent for the extraction of zinc
………………………………………………………………………………….
15. 1.Name the ore of zinc. Give the chemical name and chemical formula
………………………………………………………………………….
2. What is termite reaction. Give example. Give the use of thermite reaction ( imp)
…………………………………………………………………………………….



16. Explain the Purification of copper from impure copper block















At cathode …………………………………… at anode ……………………………..
Name the electrolyte used in the purification of copper …………………………….
17. Give the uses of metals
Iron –
Copper-
Aluminum-
Zinc-
Chromium
18. Give the name of the ore of aluminum ----------------------------
19. Give the chemical name of the ore of aluminum -------------------------
20. Give the chemical formula of the ore of aluminum ----------------------------
21. Name the substance used as anode and cathode in the extraction of aluminum
…………………………………………………………………………………..
22. Name the process of extraction of aluminum
……………………………………………………………………………
23. Give reaction at cathode ……………………………………
24. Give reaction at anode………………………………………….
25. Why electricity is used for the extraction of aluminum
…………………………………………………………………….

Manufacture of some important chemicals
Haber process
Name the process of manufacture of ammonia ……………………….
Name the raw material. Give the sources ……………………………………………………………………………………
give the condition for haber process
………………………………………………………………………………………
Name the catalyst ………………………………………..
how the ammonia gas is removed from the chamber
………………………………………………………………………………………..
what do we do for the un reacted hydrogen and nitrogen
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. Give important uses of ammonia …………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Describe the manufacture of nitric acid from ammonia
……………………………………………………………………………………..
9. Name the catalyst used for the manufacture of ammonia
…………………………………………………………………………
10. Give uses of nitric acid ……………………………………………..
11. Name the process of manufacture of sulphuric acid
………………………………………………………………………
12. Name the raw material. Give the sources ……………………………………………………………………………………
13. Give the condition for contact process
………………………………………………………………………………………
14. Name the catalyst……………………………………………..
15. Give reversible and irreversible reactions in contact process
………………………………………………………………………
16. Give all the equation in contact process
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
17. Give the uses of sulphuric acid
………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. Name the main pollutant gases in acid rain
…………………………………………………………………………………
19. Give two environmental problems of acid rain
………………………………………………………………………………………………
20. Explain the extraction of sodium hydroxide for sea water( draw the diaphragm cell)












Name the gases at anode and cathode …………………………………………………….
Name the substance remaining in the solution……………………………..
Give the use of chlorine …………………………………………………..
Sodium hydroxide ………………………………………………..

structure

Chemistry: Structure.
Metallic bonding.
Metallic bonding is the array of positive ions surrounded by sea of free mobile electrons.
Metals are strong because of the powerful attraction between the positive centres and the free electrons.
Metals can conduct electricity because the free electrons can move through out the structure carrying heat energy.
Metals are malleable and ductile because the layers of atoms can slide over each other when force is applied.
An alloy is a mixture of metals
Example of alloy: brass [mixture of copper & zinc]
Alloys are hard because in alloys, the different metals have slightly different size. This breaks up the regular arrangement & makes it more difficult for the layers to slide.

Structure of Diamond

Diamond & graphite are having a giant co-valent structure.
In diamond, each carbon atom is strongly co-valently bonded with four other carbon atoms leading to a three dimentional network.
Diamond is hard due to the strong carbon-carbon co-valent bonds.
Diamond does not conduct electricity because all the electrons in the outer level of the carbon atoms are tightly held in co-valent bonds between the atoms. So no free electrons to move around and carry electricity.
Diamond does not dissolve in water or any other solvents because of the powerful co-valent bonds between the atoms.
Diamond is used in cutting concrete and glass because it is hard.
Diamond is used for making jewellery because it is shiny in nature.
Diamond is having a high sublimation point because of the strong co-valent bonds between the carbon atoms.

Structure of graphite

In graphite, each carbon atom is strongly co-valently bonded to three other carbon atoms leading to a hexagonal ring. Graphite has a layer structure and the layers are held by weak vanderwall’s force of attraction.
Graphite can conduct electricity because each carbon atom is strongly co-valently bonded to three other carbon atoms leaving an electron free. This free electron can carry electricity through out the structure.
Graphite is soft because the layers can slide over each other with the help of weak vanderwall’s force of attraction.
Graphite is not soluble in any solvent because of the strong co-valent bonding between the carbon atoms in the hexagonal ring.
Graphite is having a high sublimation point because of the strong co-valent bond between the carbon atoms.
Allotropy: some elements occur in more than one physical form. Eg: carbon (diamond & graphite).

Structure of sodium chloride.

Sodium chloride is having a giant ionic structure.
In solid sodium chloride, each sodium ion [Na+] is surrounded by 6 other chloride ion [Cl-] with strong electrostatic force of attraction.
Sodium chloride is having high melting point due to the strong electrostatic force of attraction between the ions.
Sodium chloride does not conduct electricity because the ions are held by strong electrostatic force of attraction. They are not free to move.
Sodium chloride conduct electricity in liquid state because the ions are free to move and can carry electricity.

Simple molecular structure

The molecules exist in simple molecules and weak force of attraction held them together. So they may be solid, liquid, or gas.
Simple molecules have low melting & boiling point due to the weak intermolecular force of attraction.
Ice, solid iodine, & solid carbondioxide are examples of simple molecular crystals. They have low melting point due to the weak intermolecular force.
Carbondioxide shape: linear.
Methane shape: tetrahydral.
Water shape: non-linear.
Ammonia shape: pyramidal.

monomers
A single molecule that has the ability to combine with identical or similar molecules, a process also known as polymerisation.
polymers
A polymer is a large molecules composed of repeating structural units (monomers) connected by covalent chemical bonds

PERIODIC TABLE



The elements in the periodic table are arranged according ti the increasing atomic number. In the peridoic table there are eight main groups and seven periods. The elements in the same groups have similar properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. The group number of the elements is the same as the number of the outer electrons. 3/4 of the periodic table is filled with metals. There are other elements called the semi metals whos hare both the properties of metals and non metals.They conduct like metals and are brittle like non-metals.

GROUP 1

They are called alkali metals because they react with water to form strong alkali. The increase in number of shells and atomic size causes increase ub the reactivity down the group because bigger the atom, the less its attractive force towards the nucleus. Group 1 metals have one electron in the outermost shell which is why they are called group 1. They are less dense than group 2 metals because they have only one electron in the outermost shell and they're stored under oil to prevent them from reacting iwth oxygen and water vapour form at the atnoshpere as it is dangerous.


Reaction with water

Sodium is a strong alkali, when it reacts with water :

1) It floats and melts.
2) Hydrogen gas is produced.
3) It forms sodium hydroxide.

Sodium + water ---------------> Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
Na + H2O ---------------------> NaOH + H2
Na + HOH -------------> NaOH + H2

Potassium when reacting with water :

1) It floats.
2) It catches fire and burns with a lilac flame.
3) It forms potassium hydroxide and hydrogen.

Potassium + water --------------------> Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen
K + H2O --------------------------------> KOH + H2
K + HOH -------------------------------> KOH + H2

Lithium

Lithium forms Lithium hydroxide and hydrogen gas when reacting with water.

Li + H2O ----------------> LiOH + H2

Rubedium (Rb)

Rb + H2O -----------> Rb (OH) + H2

When rubedium reacts with water :

1) Heat is produced.
2) Explosion takes place.
3) It forms Rubedium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Group 2

* Group 2 elements are known as alkaline earth metals.

* They can form strong alkali and they occur widely on earth crust.

* They are metals.

* They have melting points and densities that are quite low for metals.

* They react with air, water or steam to form oxides and hydroxides.

* They show the same reactivity trend as group 1, increasingly reactive as you go down the group.

* They form compounds in which the metal has a +2 ion.

* They form white or colorless compounds which gives colorless solutions.

* The alkaline earth metals are reactive, but less reactive than the alkali metals.