1.5a Atomic structure and periodic table
1.5a Relative massesThe unit of mass is 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the isotope Carbon-12 (12C=12 exactly)
The Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)of an element is the ratio of the mass of an average atom of that element to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide Carbon-12.
The Relative Isotopic Mass of a nuclide is the ratio of the mass of one atom of that nuclide to 1/12 of the mass of a Carbon-12 atom.
The Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)of a substance is the ratio of the mass of an average molecule of that substance to 1/12 of the mass of an atom of the nuclide Carbon-12.
Task1.5a Explain what is meant by
The relative atomic mass of helium is 4.002602.
The relative isopotic mass of deuterium is 2.0000.
The relative molecular mass of water is 18.
1.5b mass spectrometer
Uses of mass spectrometers
The mass spectrometer can detect the abundance of isotopes such as U-238 and Pb-206.
In any one place the Earth concentrates some minerals like uranium but not others like lead. So some rocks form containing uranium but not lead.
U-238 is radioactive and decays to form Pb-206 over time.
This process is controlled by the half life of U-238 which is 4.5*109 years. The relative abundance of U-238 to Pb-206 can be used to calculate the age of the rock.
Rock is found to have ages up to about 4 thousand million years, but not older. This is the age of the Earth when the first solid rock formed from the magma on the surface of the cooling planet.
Radiocarbon dating using C-14 can be used to similarly date organic matter.
The mass spectrum of an element shows the relative isotopic mass (m/e) and relative abundance of each isotope of the element being tested.
In a mass spectrum the height of each peak = the relative abundance.
The Relative Atomic Mass of an element can be found by finding the sum of the products of the relative abundance of each isotope and its relative isotopic mass and the dividing by the total relative abundance.
work sheets mass spetrometer ( AS level)
Write a sentence for each stage in the formation of a mass spectrum.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus
The Relative Atomic Mass of an element is the weighted (to take account of relative abundance) average of the the Relative Isotopic Masses of all of the isotopes of that element.E.g. Chlorine has two isotopes with mass numbers (and relative isotopic masses
35 and37
35 37
75% is Cl and 25% is Cl
17 17
Let there be 100 atomsTotal mass of 100 atoms = (75 * 35) + (25 * 37) = 3550
Average mass of an atom (relative atomic mass of chlorine) = Total mass /Number of atoms=3550/100so relative atomic mass of chlorine = 35.5
PRACTICE QUASTIONS
1. Bromine exists as two isotopes with mass numbers 81 and 79. If there is 50% of each isotope in a sample what is the relative atomic mass of bromine?
2. Calculate the relative atomic mass of the following:(a) gallium 60% Ga 69 and 40% Ga 71
(b) neon 90% Ne 20 and 10% Ne 22
(c) silver 50% Ag 107 and 50% Ag 109
(d) boron 20% B 10 and 80% B 11
(e) neon 90.92% Ne 20, 8.82% Ne 22 and 0.26% Ne 21.
(f) lead 52.3% Pb 208, 22.6% Pb 207, 23.6% Pb 206 and 1.5% Pb 204.
ionization energies
The first ionisation energy is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous atoms of an element each lose an electron to form gaseous ions each with a single positive charge.
It is the enthalpy change for the reaction: M(g) ---> M+(g) + e-
The second ionisation energy is the enthalpy change when 1 mole of gaseous ions of an element each with a single positive charge each lose an electron to form gaseous ions each with a double positive charge.
It is the enthalpy change for the reaction: M+(g)---> M2+(g) + e-
All of these ionizations involve the removal of a negative electron from a positive nucleus. The attraction between these must be over come by supplying energy. The process is always endothermic. Example 1st IE of Na = +500kJmol-1
Task1.5d.1 Define the third ionisation enthalpy for the element M and give an equation.
Task1.5d.2 Define the first ionisation enthalpy for sodium, magnesium, chlorine and neon.
Task1.5d.3 Define the second ionisation enthalpy for lithium, aluminium and oxygen.
1.5e Electronic structureThe graph of successive ionisation energies against ionisation number shows electrons grouped into three energy levels or quantum shells with similar energies.
Electron 1 (ionisation number = 1, removed first) from the third shell, electrons 2-9 in second shell, electrons 10 and 11(removed last) from first shell closest to the nucleus.
Electron 1 is on its own in the outer shell indicating that this element is in group 1. The graph of first ionisation energy against atomic number shows the grouping of electrons into s, p (and d) subshells (orbitals) within the (quantum shells) energy levels. The general trend is for ionisation energy to increase with increasing atomic number across a period but 1st IE B < 1st IE Be and 1st IE O < 1st IE N.
PRACTICE QUSTIONS
Label the diagram with symbols for the elements.
Label electrons removed as s or p.
Write two sentences using the frame: The ionisation energy (increases/decreases) (from left to right across a period/down a group) because (distance from outer electrons to nucleus is increasing/the nuclear charge in increasing)
Monday, December 15, 2008
Saturday, December 13, 2008
Revision sheet
Chemistry of elements
1. In the periodic table the elements are arranged according to the ………………
……………. Number
2. In the periodic table the elements are arranged according to the ………………
……………. No of particle in the nucleus
3. Give any two property of metal
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Give any two properties of non metal
……………………………………...
5. NAME THE FIRST GROUP ELEMENTS
……………………………………………..
6. Name the second group elements
…………………………………………………….
7. Name the seventh group elements
………………………………….
8. Group 1 element are always has a …………………. Charge
9. Group 2 element are always has a …………………. Charge
9. Group 7 element are always has a …………………. Charge
10. Group 6 element are always has a …………………. Charge
11. Element A put in water to produce a gas B
And an alkali C It will give lilac color to the flame
Name the element A ……………………
Name the gas B ………………………………………….
NAME THE ALKALI C ………………………………………
Write three things that you see in this experiment
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
What is color change shown by the universal indicator in the solution?
………………………………………….
12. Write down the word equation for the above reaction
…………………………………………………..
13. Write down the balanced equation for the above reaction
…………………………………………………..
14. What is the effect of blue litmus red litmus in the beaker
…………………………………………
15. How will you test the gas evolved………………………………
16. Name a non metal for the same period as lithium ………………………..
17. Name another metal in the same period as lithium……………………………..
18. What is similar in the arrangement of electron in alkali metals?
…………………………………………….
19. Why diamond and graphite have similar properties
………………………………………….
20. Why diamond and graphite have different properties
………………………………………….
21why graphite conducts electricity but diamond not. Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. Give the equation for the burning of graphite in air
…………………………………………………………..
23.give the word equation for the burning of magnesium
……………………………………………………..
24.
halogen
colour
Physical state
chlorine
fluorine
bromine
Periodic table
1. Periodic table is the arrangement of elements according to…………………………
2. Periodic table contains 3/4…………… and 1/4………………………………
3. Define semimetals
……………………………………………………………………………
4. Give examples……………………………….
5. Give uses of metalloids …………………………………………
6. Name a non metal in the same period as lithium……………………………
7. Elements in the same group have …………….. Properties
1. Same 2. Similar
8. Group one elements are having similar properties. Why?
………………………………………………………………………………
9. The vertical columns are called ………………, there are ……….no of groups
10. Horizontal columns are called ………………, there are ……….no of periods
10 give the uses of noble gases ……………………………………….
11. Why noble gases are uncreative……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. Name the group I elements ………………………………………………………..
13. In group I the reactivity increases down the group …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14why potassium is more reactive than sodium …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Name the gas produced when sodium is kept in water. Give effect of litmus in the remaining solution ……………………………………………………………..
16. Write down three observations that you see when sodium is kept in water
……………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Give the reaction of group I metals( sodium, potassium,lithum) in water. Write the balances equation
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Give the reaction of group 2 metals (magnesium, calcium) in water. Write the balances equation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Work sheet
1.Which of the following is ionic compound? Why?
Element
Melting point
A
6754 C
B
31 C
ANS …………………………………………
WHY? ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
2.Draw and explain the structure of diamond
3.Why magnesium chloride is having a high melting point than sodium chloride
4.Molten sodium chloride conducts electricity. Why?
5 .Molten sodium chloride conducts electricity. Why?
6. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity .why?
7. Why sodium chloride do not conduct electricity in solid state
8. Graphite is having a high sublimation point .why?
9. Give the structure of silicon dioxide
……………………………………………………………………………..
10. Give the structure of solid carbon dioxide
……………………………………………………………………………..
11. Give the structure of diamond
……………………………………………………………………………..
12. Give the structure of copper
……………………………………………………………………………..
13. Give the structure of solid methane
……………………………………………………………………………..
14. Give the structure of sodium chloride
……………………………………………………………………………..
15. Give the structure of graphite
……………………………………………………………………………..
16. Why diamond and graphite is having similar properties
……………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Why diamond and graphite is having different properties
……………………………………………………………………………………….
18. Draw the dot and cross diagram
Calcium chloride
Hydrogen
Chlorine molecule
Magnesium oxide
19.Draw the dot and cross diagram of the following. (USE THE PERIODIC TABLE)
N N
O C O
20.A small piece of potassium per magnate is kept in a beaker of water. What will be the observation after some minutes?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
Name the phenomenon
………………………………………………………………………………
If you using hot water in place of cold what is the observation
………………………………………………
……………………………………….
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
21.Draw the particle arrange in gas and liquid
22.Explain in terms of kinetic theory what happen if the temperature of a solid is increased
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….
A pollen grain is kept under beaker of water what do you observe through the microscope
Name………………………………………………………..
Draw the path
1. Draw the bonding in metals
2. Why metals are malleable
3. Why metals conduct electricity
4. Sodium chloride is having a high melting point. why?
5. Draw and explain the structure of diamond
6. Diamond is having a high melting point .why?
7. Why sodium chloride do not conduct electricity in solid state
8. Diamond is having a high sublimation point .why?
9. Why is diamond used for cutting?
10. Draw the structure of sodium chloride and magnesium chloride
11Why magnesium chloride is having a high melting point than sodium chloride
12.Molten sodium chloride conducts electricity. Why?
13.Define alloys. Why they are hard. Draw the structure of alloys
1. In the periodic table the elements are arranged according to the ………………
……………. Number
2. In the periodic table the elements are arranged according to the ………………
……………. No of particle in the nucleus
3. Give any two property of metal
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Give any two properties of non metal
……………………………………...
5. NAME THE FIRST GROUP ELEMENTS
……………………………………………..
6. Name the second group elements
…………………………………………………….
7. Name the seventh group elements
………………………………….
8. Group 1 element are always has a …………………. Charge
9. Group 2 element are always has a …………………. Charge
9. Group 7 element are always has a …………………. Charge
10. Group 6 element are always has a …………………. Charge
11. Element A put in water to produce a gas B
And an alkali C It will give lilac color to the flame
Name the element A ……………………
Name the gas B ………………………………………….
NAME THE ALKALI C ………………………………………
Write three things that you see in this experiment
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
What is color change shown by the universal indicator in the solution?
………………………………………….
12. Write down the word equation for the above reaction
…………………………………………………..
13. Write down the balanced equation for the above reaction
…………………………………………………..
14. What is the effect of blue litmus red litmus in the beaker
…………………………………………
15. How will you test the gas evolved………………………………
16. Name a non metal for the same period as lithium ………………………..
17. Name another metal in the same period as lithium……………………………..
18. What is similar in the arrangement of electron in alkali metals?
…………………………………………….
19. Why diamond and graphite have similar properties
………………………………………….
20. Why diamond and graphite have different properties
………………………………………….
21why graphite conducts electricity but diamond not. Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. Give the equation for the burning of graphite in air
…………………………………………………………..
23.give the word equation for the burning of magnesium
……………………………………………………..
24.
halogen
colour
Physical state
chlorine
fluorine
bromine
iodine
25. How will you convert the hydrogen chloride gas into hydrochloric acid?
……………………………………………..
26. A solution in which the hydrochloric acid is dissolved is tested with blue litmus. What do you observe?
…………………………………………………………………………………
27. Hydro choric acid is dissolved in methyl benzene. What do the change in the blue litmus?
……………………………………………………….
28. Describe the laboratory preparation of chlorine from hydro choric acid ( important)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..
29. Name the oxidizing agent in this reaction……………………………………
30. Give the test for chlorine…………………………………………………………….
31. Chlorine and bromine have similar properties why?
……………………………………………………………………………….
32. Chlorine is passed through a solution of potassium bromide
Name the type of reaction………………………………………….
The solution became red in color. Why?
…………………………………………………………………………..
Explain why no displacement reaction when we add bromine to potassium chloride …………………………………………………………………………………………
Write the ionic equation for the reaction……………………………………………….
Chlorine is bubbled through the potassium iodide solution. What will be the color of the
Final solution ……………………………………………..
Write down the ionic half equation for the reaction …………………………………
What is the color change during the below reaction
……………………………………………………
H2 + Cl 2___________ 2HCl
Name the process of the industrial extraction of oxygen
………………………………………………..
complete the table
78 %
21%
.9%
What is oxidation?
……………………………………….
What is reduction?
…………………………
Give example for oxidizing agent
…………………………………………….
Give example for reducing agent
………………………………………
Complete these reactions ( balance )
S+ O2__________
Fe + O2__________
Mg + O2 _____________
Cu + O 2_________
C +O 2 ___________
CH4 + O2_____________
Describe an experiment to determine the % of oxygen in air (copper turning )
Give the reaction of sulphur dioxide with water
…………………………………………….
Give two equations for the reactions in contact process ( impor)
…………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….
Which one is reversible reaction?
……………………………………………
Describe the laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide
Give the equation for reaction
……………………………………………………………………………….
Give the uses of carbon dioxide
………………………………………………………………
What is dry ice?
……………………………
Give two uses of dry ice
………………………………………..
Give the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen ( 2 equations)
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………..
Give the conditions needed for the rusting of iron
……………………………………………………………………………….
Give method for the prevention of rusting
……………………………………………………………………………..
How this method work in preventing rusting of iron
……………………………………………………………………………
Explain sacrificial protection. Give example.
……………………………………………………………………………….
Sodium can be prepared by electrolysis only were as iron fro blast furnace give your answer (in terms of reactivity)
………………………………………………………………………………………
Give the allotropes of sulphur
……………………………………………………………………………
Name the process by which nitrogen is industrially extracted
………………………………………………………………..
Give one use of nitrogen
……………………………………….
Why nitrogen is used for protecting dry foods
……………………………………………….
Describe the laboratory preparation of ammonia (page-244 text book)
Give the equation for the preparation
………………………………………………………………..
Give physical properties of ammonia
………………………………………………………………………………………
ammonia dissolve in water forms …………………………………………
give the equation…………………………………………
Give the uses of ammonia
to prepare nitric acid
to prepare fertilizer
Give the reaction between sulphuric acid and ammonia ( important)
NH 3 + H2SO4 ----------- (NH4)2 SO4 ( AMMONIUM SULPHATE)
Give the reaction between NITRIC acid and ammonia ( important)
NH3+ HNO3 ------- NH 4 NO3( AMMONIUM NITRATE)
What are the elements present in NPK FERTILIZER?
………………………………………………………..
Describe the chemical test for water
……………………………………………………………..
Describe the physical test for water
………………………………………………………………
Describe the laboratory preparation of hydrogen
Name the gas produced when a metal react with dilute acid
…………………………………………………….
Give the test for this gas
…………………………………………………….
Give word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
…………………………………………………..
Give balanced equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
…………………………………………………..
Give one example for transition metal which is used as catalyst
…………………………………………………….
Iron react with chlorine to form a yellow( brown) color solid
Name it…………………………….
Give equation for the reaction
…………………………………………………..
Give the color of ion with sodium hydroxide
Fe2+ …………………
Fe3+…………………
Cu2+ ………………
Name the compounds……………………………………………………..
Write down the action of iron over steam. Give the balanced equation ( notes)
…………………………………………………………………..
Write down the action of iron hydrogen chloride gas Give the balanced equation (notes)
………………………………………………………………………….
Color
Copper oxide-red
Copper hydroxide – blue
Copper nitrate –green
Copper sulfate- blue
Copper carbonate-black
Copper chloride- green
Write down the reaction of ammonia with copper (II) ions ( important)
………………………………………………………………………………
Give the properties of transitional metals( answer given below)
1) variable valency
2) colored compounds
3) catalytic property
Give example for Fe shows variable valency
…………………………………………………………………….
What is reactivity series? Give the order
…………………………………………………………………………………
What do you know about the reactivity of and displacement reaction?
………………………………………………………………………….
A copper dipped in silver nitrate solution .What is observation that you see
After 2hours…………………………………………………….
.
Iron nail dipped in copper sulphate ……………………………………
Silver nail dipped ii copper sulphate……………………………………
Copper nail in iron sulphate……………………………..
(Important portion)
Cat ion
Flame color
Lithium(Li+)
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium( k+)
Calcium( ca2+)
gas
test
result
oxygen
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
chlorine
Sulpher dioxide
ammonia
Test for anions
TEST
result
Chloride(Cl-)
Bromide(Br -
Iodide (I-)
Sulphate(so42+)
Sulphite( S2_)
Carbonate(CO32_)
Test for cat ion
TEST
result
Ammonia (NH4+)
Copper (Cu2+)
Iron( Fe2+)
Iron ( Fe3+)
1. Name the three particles in the atom
2. ……………………………….. is the negative particle in the atom
3. …………………………………..is the positive particle in an atom
4 …………………………………… is the neutral particle in the atom
5. In an atom the number of ……………………………and
…………………………. are same
6. Name the particle out side the nucleus
7. Name the negligible particle in an atom
8. The mass of the atom is concentrated at …………………
9. Define atomic number
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Define mass number
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. find the 1) mass number2) atomic number 3) no. of neutron 4) no. of protons 5) no. of electron
12. Define isotope
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Which one pair of the following is isotope?
Ans…………………………………
14. The following pair represents some gases
Which is 1) mono atomic …………………………..
2) Water molecule …………………………………
3) Mixture of gases ……………………………….
4) Elements ……………………………………….
5) Compounds………………………………………
6) Diatomic molecule ………………………………
15. Define element. Give example
……………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Carbon dioxide is a compound. What is a compound?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Which one of the following belongs to the second group?
Ans : ……………………………………….
Give your answer
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Name the element ……………………………………………….(use periodic table)
18. find the outer electrons in the following atoms
1) bromine 2) carbon 3) boron
19) How many outer electrons are their in radium, iodine and radon
19) The below fig shows the nucleus of an atom
Find the atomic no……………………………
Mass no …………………………………
No of electrons ………………………………….
This atom belongs to ……………………………..group of the periodic table.
Give your answer for the above statement ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….
Work sheet 2
States of matter
define matter
complete the fig
A ……………………………
B……………………………..
c………………………………
D……………………………
E………………………………
complete the arrangement of solid particle
Explain what happens when a solid changes to liquid. give your answer using kinetic theory.
define sublimation
Define diffusion. Give example.
A small piece of potassium permanganate is kept under a beaker of water for one hour. What do you see after one hour?
A small piece of copper sulphate ( blue color) is kept under a beaker of water for one hour. What do you see after one hour?
Bromine vapor is kept in a jar and the lid is removed. What do you see after 10
min
A pollen grain is kept on the surface of water and viewed through the micro scope.
What do you see ……………………………………………………………………
Draw the path of the pollen grain
What is dry ice? How is it prepared? Give the use.
A smoke particle in air is viewed through the micro scope.
What do you see ……………………………………………………………………
Draw the path of the smoke particle
1. How will you find the purity of a solid?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2. Table below shows the melting and boiling points of some substance
SUBSTANCE
MELTING POINT
BOILING POINT
A
-123
-56
B
0
100
C
45
111
D
-23
23
E
-11
1
1) which one of the following is representing water
………………………………………………..
2) which one is a solid at room temperature
………………………………………………….
3) which substances are liquids at -15 c
………………………………………………….
4) which substance a liquid at short range of temperature
……………………………………………………….
3) The below graph represent the meting of a solid
What is the physical state at?
A ……………………………………………
B ………………………………………………..
C …………………………………………….
D ……………………………………………….
WHAT IS THE MELTING POINT
…………………………………
What is the boiling point?
……………………………………….
Some salt is added to the solid what will be the observation in boiling and melting point
……………………………………………………………………..
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
A small piece of potassium per magnate is kept in a beaker of water. What will be the observation after some minutes?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
Name the phenomenon
………………………………………………………………………………
If you using hot water in place of cold what is the observation
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
Draw the particle arrange in gas and liquid
Explain in terms of kinetic theory what happen if the temperature of a solid is increased
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….
In the below diagram shows piece of potassium per magnate kept under water
(The substance is purple in color)
What do you see after 1hour?
Observation …………………………………………………………………………………………
Name it and define
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….
Explain what happen if use hot water
………………………………………………………………………………
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
The below apparatus shows diffusion
1) Which one diffuse fast? Why?..........................................................................................................................
...................................................
2) what happens if you hot solution
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
A pollen grain is kept under beaker of water what do you observe through the microscope
Name………………………………………………………..
Draw the path
Atomic structure
1) Which one is mono atomic gas ………………….
2) Which one are an element ……………………………………
3) Which one are compounds ……………………………………….
4) Which one represent solid…………………………….
5) Which one represent liquid……………………..
6) Which one represent water molecule ……………………
7) Which one represent oxygen molecule ………………………..
8) Which one represent argon …………………………………
1. How will you find the purity of a solid?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2. Table below shows the melting and boiling points of some substance
SUBSTANCE
MELTING POINT
BOILING POINT
A
-123
-56
B
0
100
C
45
111
D
-23
23
E
-11
1
5) which one of the following is representing water
………………………………………………..
6) which one is a solid at room temperature
………………………………………………….
7) which substances are liquids at -15 c
………………………………………………….
8) which substance a liquid at short range of temperature
……………………………………………………….
3) The below graph represent the meting of a solid
What is the physical state at?
A ……………………………………………
B ………………………………………………..
C …………………………………………….
D ……………………………………………….
WHAT IS THE MELTING POINT
…………………………………
What is the boiling point?
……………………………………….
Some salt is added to the solid what will be the observation in boiling and melting point
……………………………………………………………………..
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
A small piece of potassium per magnate is kept in a beaker of water. What will be the observation after some minutes?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
Name the phenomenon
………………………………………………………………………………
If you using hot water in place of cold what is the observation
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
Draw the particle arrange in gas and liquid
Explain in terms of kinetic theory what happen if the temperature of a solid is increased
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….
In the below diagram shows piece of potassium per magnate kept under water
(The substance is purple in color)
What do you see after 1hour?
Observation …………………………………………………………………………………………
Name it and define
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….
Explain what happen if use hot water
………………………………………………………………………………
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
The below apparatus shows diffusion
3) Which one diffuse fast? Why?..........................................................................................................................
...................................................
4) what happens if you hot solution
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
A pollen grain is kept under beaker of water what do you observe through the microscope
Name………………………………………………………..
Draw the path
Atomic structure
9) Which one is mono atomic gas ………………….
10) Which one are an element ……………………………………
11) Which one are compounds ……………………………………….
12) Which one represent solid…………………………….
13) Which one represent liquid……………………..
14) Which one represent water molecule ……………………
15) Which one represent oxygen molecule ………………………..
16) Which one represent argon …………………………………
define ionic bonding
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………..
draw the dot and cross diagram
Lithium fluoride
Calcium chloride
Magnesium oxide
Calcium chloride
Potassium chloride
Magnesium oxide is having a high melting point than sodium chloride why?
Which one of the following is an ion?
Draw the electronic configuration of chloride ion
Draw the electronic configuration of following
Define covalent bonding
Draw the cross and dot diagram for the following
Hydrogen
Water
Methane
Hydrogen chloride
Nitrogen
Ehane
Carbondixide
iodine
25. How will you convert the hydrogen chloride gas into hydrochloric acid?
……………………………………………..
26. A solution in which the hydrochloric acid is dissolved is tested with blue litmus. What do you observe?
…………………………………………………………………………………
27. Hydro choric acid is dissolved in methyl benzene. What do the change in the blue litmus?
……………………………………………………….
28. Describe the laboratory preparation of chlorine from hydro choric acid ( important)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..
29. Name the oxidizing agent in this reaction……………………………………
30. Give the test for chlorine…………………………………………………………….
31. Chlorine and bromine have similar properties why?
……………………………………………………………………………….
32. Chlorine is passed through a solution of potassium bromide
Name the type of reaction………………………………………….
The solution became red in color. Why?
…………………………………………………………………………..
Explain why no displacement reaction when we add bromine to potassium chloride …………………………………………………………………………………………
Write the ionic equation for the reaction……………………………………………….
Chlorine is bubbled through the potassium iodide solution. What will be the color of the
Final solution ……………………………………………..
Write down the ionic half equation for the reaction …………………………………
What is the color change during the below reaction
……………………………………………………
H2 + Cl 2___________ 2HCl
Name the process of the industrial extraction of oxygen
………………………………………………..
complete the table
78 %
21%
.9%
What is oxidation?
……………………………………….
What is reduction?
…………………………
Give example for oxidizing agent
…………………………………………….
Give example for reducing agent
………………………………………
Complete these reactions ( balance )
S+ O2__________
Fe + O2__________
Mg + O2 _____________
Cu + O 2_________
C +O 2 ___________
CH4 + O2_____________
Describe an experiment to determine the % of oxygen in air (copper turning )
Give the reaction of sulphur dioxide with water
…………………………………………….
Give two equations for the reactions in contact process ( impor)
…………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….
Which one is reversible reaction?
……………………………………………
Describe the laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide
Give the equation for reaction
……………………………………………………………………………….
Give the uses of carbon dioxide
………………………………………………………………
What is dry ice?
……………………………
Give two uses of dry ice
………………………………………..
Give the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen ( 2 equations)
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………..
Give the conditions needed for the rusting of iron
……………………………………………………………………………….
Give method for the prevention of rusting
……………………………………………………………………………..
How this method work in preventing rusting of iron
……………………………………………………………………………
Explain sacrificial protection. Give example.
……………………………………………………………………………….
Sodium can be prepared by electrolysis only were as iron fro blast furnace give your answer (in terms of reactivity)
………………………………………………………………………………………
Give the allotropes of sulphur
……………………………………………………………………………
Name the process by which nitrogen is industrially extracted
………………………………………………………………..
Give one use of nitrogen
……………………………………….
Why nitrogen is used for protecting dry foods
……………………………………………….
Describe the laboratory preparation of ammonia (page-244 text book)
Give the equation for the preparation
………………………………………………………………..
Give physical properties of ammonia
………………………………………………………………………………………
ammonia dissolve in water forms …………………………………………
give the equation…………………………………………
Give the uses of ammonia
to prepare nitric acid
to prepare fertilizer
Give the reaction between sulphuric acid and ammonia ( important)
NH 3 + H2SO4 ----------- (NH4)2 SO4 ( AMMONIUM SULPHATE)
Give the reaction between NITRIC acid and ammonia ( important)
NH3+ HNO3 ------- NH 4 NO3( AMMONIUM NITRATE)
What are the elements present in NPK FERTILIZER?
………………………………………………………..
Describe the chemical test for water
……………………………………………………………..
Describe the physical test for water
………………………………………………………………
Describe the laboratory preparation of hydrogen
Name the gas produced when a metal react with dilute acid
…………………………………………………….
Give the test for this gas
…………………………………………………….
Give word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
…………………………………………………..
Give balanced equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
…………………………………………………..
Give one example for transition metal which is used as catalyst
…………………………………………………….
Iron react with chlorine to form a yellow( brown) color solid
Name it…………………………….
Give equation for the reaction
…………………………………………………..
Give the color of ion with sodium hydroxide
Fe2+ …………………
Fe3+…………………
Cu2+ ………………
Name the compounds……………………………………………………..
Write down the action of iron over steam. Give the balanced equation ( notes)
…………………………………………………………………..
Write down the action of iron hydrogen chloride gas Give the balanced equation (notes)
………………………………………………………………………….
Color
Copper oxide-red
Copper hydroxide – blue
Copper nitrate –green
Copper sulfate- blue
Copper carbonate-black
Copper chloride- green
Write down the reaction of ammonia with copper (II) ions ( important)
………………………………………………………………………………
Give the properties of transitional metals( answer given below)
1) variable valency
2) colored compounds
3) catalytic property
Give example for Fe shows variable valency
…………………………………………………………………….
What is reactivity series? Give the order
…………………………………………………………………………………
What do you know about the reactivity of and displacement reaction?
………………………………………………………………………….
A copper dipped in silver nitrate solution .What is observation that you see
After 2hours…………………………………………………….
.
Iron nail dipped in copper sulphate ……………………………………
Silver nail dipped ii copper sulphate……………………………………
Copper nail in iron sulphate……………………………..
(Important portion)
Cat ion
Flame color
Lithium(Li+)
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium( k+)
Calcium( ca2+)
gas
test
result
oxygen
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
chlorine
Sulpher dioxide
ammonia
Test for anions
TEST
result
Chloride(Cl-)
Bromide(Br -
Iodide (I-)
Sulphate(so42+)
Sulphite( S2_)
Carbonate(CO32_)
Test for cat ion
TEST
result
Ammonia (NH4+)
Copper (Cu2+)
Iron( Fe2+)
Iron ( Fe3+)
Chemistry of elements
1. In the periodic table the elements are arranged according to the ………………
……………. Number
2. In the periodic table the elements are arranged according to the ………………
……………. No of particle in the nucleus
3. Give any two property of metal
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Give any two properties of non metal
……………………………………...
5. NAME THE FIRST GROUP ELEMENTS
……………………………………………..
6. Name the second group elements
…………………………………………………….
7. Name the seventh group elements
………………………………….
8. Group 1 element are always has a …………………. Charge
9. Group 2 element are always has a …………………. Charge
9. Group 7 element are always has a …………………. Charge
10. Group 6 element are always has a …………………. Charge
11. Element A put in water to produce a gas B
And an alkali C It will give lilac color to the flame
Name the element A ……………………
Name the gas B ………………………………………….
NAME THE ALKALI C ………………………………………
Write three things that you see in this experiment
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
What is color change shown by the universal indicator in the solution?
………………………………………….
12. Write down the word equation for the above reaction
…………………………………………………..
13. Write down the balanced equation for the above reaction
…………………………………………………..
14. What is the effect of blue litmus red litmus in the beaker
…………………………………………
15. How will you test the gas evolved………………………………
16. Name a non metal for the same period as lithium ………………………..
17. Name another metal in the same period as lithium……………………………..
18. What is similar in the arrangement of electron in alkali metals?
…………………………………………….
19. Why diamond and graphite have similar properties
………………………………………….
20. Why diamond and graphite have different properties
………………………………………….
21why graphite conducts electricity but diamond not. Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. Give the equation for the burning of graphite in air
…………………………………………………………..
23.give the word equation for the burning of magnesium
……………………………………………………..
24.
halogen
colour
Physical state
chlorine
fluorine
bromine
Periodic table
1. Periodic table is the arrangement of elements according to…………………………
2. Periodic table contains 3/4…………… and 1/4………………………………
3. Define semimetals
……………………………………………………………………………
4. Give examples……………………………….
5. Give uses of metalloids …………………………………………
6. Name a non metal in the same period as lithium……………………………
7. Elements in the same group have …………….. Properties
1. Same 2. Similar
8. Group one elements are having similar properties. Why?
………………………………………………………………………………
9. The vertical columns are called ………………, there are ……….no of groups
10. Horizontal columns are called ………………, there are ……….no of periods
10 give the uses of noble gases ……………………………………….
11. Why noble gases are uncreative……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
12. Name the group I elements ………………………………………………………..
13. In group I the reactivity increases down the group …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
14why potassium is more reactive than sodium …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
15. Name the gas produced when sodium is kept in water. Give effect of litmus in the remaining solution ……………………………………………………………..
16. Write down three observations that you see when sodium is kept in water
……………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Give the reaction of group I metals( sodium, potassium,lithum) in water. Write the balances equation
…………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Give the reaction of group 2 metals (magnesium, calcium) in water. Write the balances equation ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Work sheet
1.Which of the following is ionic compound? Why?
Element
Melting point
A
6754 C
B
31 C
ANS …………………………………………
WHY? ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
2.Draw and explain the structure of diamond
3.Why magnesium chloride is having a high melting point than sodium chloride
4.Molten sodium chloride conducts electricity. Why?
5 .Molten sodium chloride conducts electricity. Why?
6. Graphite is a good conductor of electricity .why?
7. Why sodium chloride do not conduct electricity in solid state
8. Graphite is having a high sublimation point .why?
9. Give the structure of silicon dioxide
……………………………………………………………………………..
10. Give the structure of solid carbon dioxide
……………………………………………………………………………..
11. Give the structure of diamond
……………………………………………………………………………..
12. Give the structure of copper
……………………………………………………………………………..
13. Give the structure of solid methane
……………………………………………………………………………..
14. Give the structure of sodium chloride
……………………………………………………………………………..
15. Give the structure of graphite
……………………………………………………………………………..
16. Why diamond and graphite is having similar properties
……………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Why diamond and graphite is having different properties
……………………………………………………………………………………….
18. Draw the dot and cross diagram
Calcium chloride
Hydrogen
Chlorine molecule
Magnesium oxide
19.Draw the dot and cross diagram of the following. (USE THE PERIODIC TABLE)
N N
O C O
20.A small piece of potassium per magnate is kept in a beaker of water. What will be the observation after some minutes?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
Name the phenomenon
………………………………………………………………………………
If you using hot water in place of cold what is the observation
………………………………………………
……………………………………….
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
21.Draw the particle arrange in gas and liquid
22.Explain in terms of kinetic theory what happen if the temperature of a solid is increased
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….
A pollen grain is kept under beaker of water what do you observe through the microscope
Name………………………………………………………..
Draw the path
1. Draw the bonding in metals
2. Why metals are malleable
3. Why metals conduct electricity
4. Sodium chloride is having a high melting point. why?
5. Draw and explain the structure of diamond
6. Diamond is having a high melting point .why?
7. Why sodium chloride do not conduct electricity in solid state
8. Diamond is having a high sublimation point .why?
9. Why is diamond used for cutting?
10. Draw the structure of sodium chloride and magnesium chloride
11Why magnesium chloride is having a high melting point than sodium chloride
12.Molten sodium chloride conducts electricity. Why?
13.Define alloys. Why they are hard. Draw the structure of alloys
1. In the periodic table the elements are arranged according to the ………………
……………. Number
2. In the periodic table the elements are arranged according to the ………………
……………. No of particle in the nucleus
3. Give any two property of metal
………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Give any two properties of non metal
……………………………………...
5. NAME THE FIRST GROUP ELEMENTS
……………………………………………..
6. Name the second group elements
…………………………………………………….
7. Name the seventh group elements
………………………………….
8. Group 1 element are always has a …………………. Charge
9. Group 2 element are always has a …………………. Charge
9. Group 7 element are always has a …………………. Charge
10. Group 6 element are always has a …………………. Charge
11. Element A put in water to produce a gas B
And an alkali C It will give lilac color to the flame
Name the element A ……………………
Name the gas B ………………………………………….
NAME THE ALKALI C ………………………………………
Write three things that you see in this experiment
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
What is color change shown by the universal indicator in the solution?
………………………………………….
12. Write down the word equation for the above reaction
…………………………………………………..
13. Write down the balanced equation for the above reaction
…………………………………………………..
14. What is the effect of blue litmus red litmus in the beaker
…………………………………………
15. How will you test the gas evolved………………………………
16. Name a non metal for the same period as lithium ………………………..
17. Name another metal in the same period as lithium……………………………..
18. What is similar in the arrangement of electron in alkali metals?
…………………………………………….
19. Why diamond and graphite have similar properties
………………………………………….
20. Why diamond and graphite have different properties
………………………………………….
21why graphite conducts electricity but diamond not. Why?
………………………………………………………………………………………..
22. Give the equation for the burning of graphite in air
…………………………………………………………..
23.give the word equation for the burning of magnesium
……………………………………………………..
24.
halogen
colour
Physical state
chlorine
fluorine
bromine
iodine
25. How will you convert the hydrogen chloride gas into hydrochloric acid?
……………………………………………..
26. A solution in which the hydrochloric acid is dissolved is tested with blue litmus. What do you observe?
…………………………………………………………………………………
27. Hydro choric acid is dissolved in methyl benzene. What do the change in the blue litmus?
……………………………………………………….
28. Describe the laboratory preparation of chlorine from hydro choric acid ( important)
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………..
29. Name the oxidizing agent in this reaction……………………………………
30. Give the test for chlorine…………………………………………………………….
31. Chlorine and bromine have similar properties why?
……………………………………………………………………………….
32. Chlorine is passed through a solution of potassium bromide
Name the type of reaction………………………………………….
The solution became red in color. Why?
…………………………………………………………………………..
Explain why no displacement reaction when we add bromine to potassium chloride …………………………………………………………………………………………
Write the ionic equation for the reaction……………………………………………….
Chlorine is bubbled through the potassium iodide solution. What will be the color of the
Final solution ……………………………………………..
Write down the ionic half equation for the reaction …………………………………
What is the color change during the below reaction
……………………………………………………
H2 + Cl 2___________ 2HCl
Name the process of the industrial extraction of oxygen
………………………………………………..
complete the table
78 %
21%
.9%
What is oxidation?
……………………………………….
What is reduction?
…………………………
Give example for oxidizing agent
…………………………………………….
Give example for reducing agent
………………………………………
Complete these reactions ( balance )
S+ O2__________
Fe + O2__________
Mg + O2 _____________
Cu + O 2_________
C +O 2 ___________
CH4 + O2_____________
Describe an experiment to determine the % of oxygen in air (copper turning )
Give the reaction of sulphur dioxide with water
…………………………………………….
Give two equations for the reactions in contact process ( impor)
…………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………….
Which one is reversible reaction?
……………………………………………
Describe the laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide
Give the equation for reaction
……………………………………………………………………………….
Give the uses of carbon dioxide
………………………………………………………………
What is dry ice?
……………………………
Give two uses of dry ice
………………………………………..
Give the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen ( 2 equations)
…………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………..
Give the conditions needed for the rusting of iron
……………………………………………………………………………….
Give method for the prevention of rusting
……………………………………………………………………………..
How this method work in preventing rusting of iron
……………………………………………………………………………
Explain sacrificial protection. Give example.
……………………………………………………………………………….
Sodium can be prepared by electrolysis only were as iron fro blast furnace give your answer (in terms of reactivity)
………………………………………………………………………………………
Give the allotropes of sulphur
……………………………………………………………………………
Name the process by which nitrogen is industrially extracted
………………………………………………………………..
Give one use of nitrogen
……………………………………….
Why nitrogen is used for protecting dry foods
……………………………………………….
Describe the laboratory preparation of ammonia (page-244 text book)
Give the equation for the preparation
………………………………………………………………..
Give physical properties of ammonia
………………………………………………………………………………………
ammonia dissolve in water forms …………………………………………
give the equation…………………………………………
Give the uses of ammonia
to prepare nitric acid
to prepare fertilizer
Give the reaction between sulphuric acid and ammonia ( important)
NH 3 + H2SO4 ----------- (NH4)2 SO4 ( AMMONIUM SULPHATE)
Give the reaction between NITRIC acid and ammonia ( important)
NH3+ HNO3 ------- NH 4 NO3( AMMONIUM NITRATE)
What are the elements present in NPK FERTILIZER?
………………………………………………………..
Describe the chemical test for water
……………………………………………………………..
Describe the physical test for water
………………………………………………………………
Describe the laboratory preparation of hydrogen
Name the gas produced when a metal react with dilute acid
…………………………………………………….
Give the test for this gas
…………………………………………………….
Give word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
…………………………………………………..
Give balanced equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
…………………………………………………..
Give one example for transition metal which is used as catalyst
…………………………………………………….
Iron react with chlorine to form a yellow( brown) color solid
Name it…………………………….
Give equation for the reaction
…………………………………………………..
Give the color of ion with sodium hydroxide
Fe2+ …………………
Fe3+…………………
Cu2+ ………………
Name the compounds……………………………………………………..
Write down the action of iron over steam. Give the balanced equation ( notes)
…………………………………………………………………..
Write down the action of iron hydrogen chloride gas Give the balanced equation (notes)
………………………………………………………………………….
Color
Copper oxide-red
Copper hydroxide – blue
Copper nitrate –green
Copper sulfate- blue
Copper carbonate-black
Copper chloride- green
Write down the reaction of ammonia with copper (II) ions ( important)
………………………………………………………………………………
Give the properties of transitional metals( answer given below)
1) variable valency
2) colored compounds
3) catalytic property
Give example for Fe shows variable valency
…………………………………………………………………….
What is reactivity series? Give the order
…………………………………………………………………………………
What do you know about the reactivity of and displacement reaction?
………………………………………………………………………….
A copper dipped in silver nitrate solution .What is observation that you see
After 2hours…………………………………………………….
.
Iron nail dipped in copper sulphate ……………………………………
Silver nail dipped ii copper sulphate……………………………………
Copper nail in iron sulphate……………………………..
(Important portion)
Cat ion
Flame color
Lithium(Li+)
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium( k+)
Calcium( ca2+)
gas
test
result
oxygen
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
chlorine
Sulpher dioxide
ammonia
Test for anions
TEST
result
Chloride(Cl-)
Bromide(Br -
Iodide (I-)
Sulphate(so42+)
Sulphite( S2_)
Carbonate(CO32_)
Test for cat ion
TEST
result
Ammonia (NH4+)
Copper (Cu2+)
Iron( Fe2+)
Iron ( Fe3+)
1. Name the three particles in the atom
2. ……………………………….. is the negative particle in the atom
3. …………………………………..is the positive particle in an atom
4 …………………………………… is the neutral particle in the atom
5. In an atom the number of ……………………………and
…………………………. are same
6. Name the particle out side the nucleus
7. Name the negligible particle in an atom
8. The mass of the atom is concentrated at …………………
9. Define atomic number
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
10. Define mass number
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. find the 1) mass number2) atomic number 3) no. of neutron 4) no. of protons 5) no. of electron
12. Define isotope
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. Which one pair of the following is isotope?
Ans…………………………………
14. The following pair represents some gases
Which is 1) mono atomic …………………………..
2) Water molecule …………………………………
3) Mixture of gases ……………………………….
4) Elements ……………………………………….
5) Compounds………………………………………
6) Diatomic molecule ………………………………
15. Define element. Give example
……………………………………………………………………………………………
16. Carbon dioxide is a compound. What is a compound?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
17. Which one of the following belongs to the second group?
Ans : ……………………………………….
Give your answer
……………………………………………………………………………………………
Name the element ……………………………………………….(use periodic table)
18. find the outer electrons in the following atoms
1) bromine 2) carbon 3) boron
19) How many outer electrons are their in radium, iodine and radon
19) The below fig shows the nucleus of an atom
Find the atomic no……………………………
Mass no …………………………………
No of electrons ………………………………….
This atom belongs to ……………………………..group of the periodic table.
Give your answer for the above statement ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….
Work sheet 2
States of matter
define matter
complete the fig
A ……………………………
B……………………………..
c………………………………
D……………………………
E………………………………
complete the arrangement of solid particle
Explain what happens when a solid changes to liquid. give your answer using kinetic theory.
define sublimation
Define diffusion. Give example.
A small piece of potassium permanganate is kept under a beaker of water for one hour. What do you see after one hour?
A small piece of copper sulphate ( blue color) is kept under a beaker of water for one hour. What do you see after one hour?
Bromine vapor is kept in a jar and the lid is removed. What do you see after 10
min
A pollen grain is kept on the surface of water and viewed through the micro scope.
What do you see ……………………………………………………………………
Draw the path of the pollen grain
What is dry ice? How is it prepared? Give the use.
A smoke particle in air is viewed through the micro scope.
What do you see ……………………………………………………………………
Draw the path of the smoke particle
1. How will you find the purity of a solid?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2. Table below shows the melting and boiling points of some substance
SUBSTANCE
MELTING POINT
BOILING POINT
A
-123
-56
B
0
100
C
45
111
D
-23
23
E
-11
1
1) which one of the following is representing water
………………………………………………..
2) which one is a solid at room temperature
………………………………………………….
3) which substances are liquids at -15 c
………………………………………………….
4) which substance a liquid at short range of temperature
……………………………………………………….
3) The below graph represent the meting of a solid
What is the physical state at?
A ……………………………………………
B ………………………………………………..
C …………………………………………….
D ……………………………………………….
WHAT IS THE MELTING POINT
…………………………………
What is the boiling point?
……………………………………….
Some salt is added to the solid what will be the observation in boiling and melting point
……………………………………………………………………..
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
A small piece of potassium per magnate is kept in a beaker of water. What will be the observation after some minutes?
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
Name the phenomenon
………………………………………………………………………………
If you using hot water in place of cold what is the observation
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
Draw the particle arrange in gas and liquid
Explain in terms of kinetic theory what happen if the temperature of a solid is increased
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………….
In the below diagram shows piece of potassium per magnate kept under water
(The substance is purple in color)
What do you see after 1hour?
Observation …………………………………………………………………………………………
Name it and define
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………….
Explain what happen if use hot water
………………………………………………………………………………
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………
The below apparatus shows diffusion
1) Which one diffuse fast? Why?..........................................................................................................................
...................................................
2) what happens if you hot solution
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………
A pollen grain is kept under beaker of water what do you observe through the microscope
Name………………………………………………………..
Draw the path
Atomic structure
1) Which one is mono atomic gas ………………….
2) Which one are an element ……………………………………
3) Which one are compounds ……………………………………….
4) Which one represent solid…………………………….
5) Which one represent liquid……………………..
6) Which one represent water molecule ……………………
7) Which one represent oxygen molecule ………………………..
8) Which one represent argon …………………………………
1. How will you find the purity of a solid?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… 2
2. Table below shows the melting and boiling points of some substance
SUBSTANCE
MELTING POINT
BOILING POINT
A
-123
-56
B
0
100
C
45
111
D
-23
23
E
-11
1
5) which one of the following is representing water
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6) which one is a solid at room temperature
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7) which substances are liquids at -15 c
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8) which substance a liquid at short range of temperature
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3) The below graph represent the meting of a solid
What is the physical state at?
A ……………………………………………
B ………………………………………………..
C …………………………………………….
D ……………………………………………….
WHAT IS THE MELTING POINT
…………………………………
What is the boiling point?
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Some salt is added to the solid what will be the observation in boiling and melting point
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Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
A small piece of potassium per magnate is kept in a beaker of water. What will be the observation after some minutes?
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Name the phenomenon
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If you using hot water in place of cold what is the observation
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Draw the particle arrange in gas and liquid
Explain in terms of kinetic theory what happen if the temperature of a solid is increased
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In the below diagram shows piece of potassium per magnate kept under water
(The substance is purple in color)
What do you see after 1hour?
Observation …………………………………………………………………………………………
Name it and define
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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Explain what happen if use hot water
………………………………………………………………………………
Reason ………………………………………………………………………………………………
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The below apparatus shows diffusion
3) Which one diffuse fast? Why?..........................................................................................................................
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4) what happens if you hot solution
………………………………………………………………………………………
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A pollen grain is kept under beaker of water what do you observe through the microscope
Name………………………………………………………..
Draw the path
Atomic structure
9) Which one is mono atomic gas ………………….
10) Which one are an element ……………………………………
11) Which one are compounds ……………………………………….
12) Which one represent solid…………………………….
13) Which one represent liquid……………………..
14) Which one represent water molecule ……………………
15) Which one represent oxygen molecule ………………………..
16) Which one represent argon …………………………………
define ionic bonding
………………………………………………………………………………………………
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draw the dot and cross diagram
Lithium fluoride
Calcium chloride
Magnesium oxide
Calcium chloride
Potassium chloride
Magnesium oxide is having a high melting point than sodium chloride why?
Which one of the following is an ion?
Draw the electronic configuration of chloride ion
Draw the electronic configuration of following
Define covalent bonding
Draw the cross and dot diagram for the following
Hydrogen
Water
Methane
Hydrogen chloride
Nitrogen
Ehane
Carbondixide
iodine
25. How will you convert the hydrogen chloride gas into hydrochloric acid?
……………………………………………..
26. A solution in which the hydrochloric acid is dissolved is tested with blue litmus. What do you observe?
…………………………………………………………………………………
27. Hydro choric acid is dissolved in methyl benzene. What do the change in the blue litmus?
……………………………………………………….
28. Describe the laboratory preparation of chlorine from hydro choric acid ( important)
………………………………………………………………………………………
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29. Name the oxidizing agent in this reaction……………………………………
30. Give the test for chlorine…………………………………………………………….
31. Chlorine and bromine have similar properties why?
……………………………………………………………………………….
32. Chlorine is passed through a solution of potassium bromide
Name the type of reaction………………………………………….
The solution became red in color. Why?
…………………………………………………………………………..
Explain why no displacement reaction when we add bromine to potassium chloride …………………………………………………………………………………………
Write the ionic equation for the reaction……………………………………………….
Chlorine is bubbled through the potassium iodide solution. What will be the color of the
Final solution ……………………………………………..
Write down the ionic half equation for the reaction …………………………………
What is the color change during the below reaction
……………………………………………………
H2 + Cl 2___________ 2HCl
Name the process of the industrial extraction of oxygen
………………………………………………..
complete the table
78 %
21%
.9%
What is oxidation?
……………………………………….
What is reduction?
…………………………
Give example for oxidizing agent
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Give example for reducing agent
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Complete these reactions ( balance )
S+ O2__________
Fe + O2__________
Mg + O2 _____________
Cu + O 2_________
C +O 2 ___________
CH4 + O2_____________
Describe an experiment to determine the % of oxygen in air (copper turning )
Give the reaction of sulphur dioxide with water
…………………………………………….
Give two equations for the reactions in contact process ( impor)
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Which one is reversible reaction?
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Describe the laboratory preparation of carbon dioxide
Give the equation for reaction
……………………………………………………………………………….
Give the uses of carbon dioxide
………………………………………………………………
What is dry ice?
……………………………
Give two uses of dry ice
………………………………………..
Give the reaction of nitrogen with oxygen ( 2 equations)
…………………………………………………….
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Give the conditions needed for the rusting of iron
……………………………………………………………………………….
Give method for the prevention of rusting
……………………………………………………………………………..
How this method work in preventing rusting of iron
……………………………………………………………………………
Explain sacrificial protection. Give example.
……………………………………………………………………………….
Sodium can be prepared by electrolysis only were as iron fro blast furnace give your answer (in terms of reactivity)
………………………………………………………………………………………
Give the allotropes of sulphur
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Name the process by which nitrogen is industrially extracted
………………………………………………………………..
Give one use of nitrogen
……………………………………….
Why nitrogen is used for protecting dry foods
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Describe the laboratory preparation of ammonia (page-244 text book)
Give the equation for the preparation
………………………………………………………………..
Give physical properties of ammonia
………………………………………………………………………………………
ammonia dissolve in water forms …………………………………………
give the equation…………………………………………
Give the uses of ammonia
to prepare nitric acid
to prepare fertilizer
Give the reaction between sulphuric acid and ammonia ( important)
NH 3 + H2SO4 ----------- (NH4)2 SO4 ( AMMONIUM SULPHATE)
Give the reaction between NITRIC acid and ammonia ( important)
NH3+ HNO3 ------- NH 4 NO3( AMMONIUM NITRATE)
What are the elements present in NPK FERTILIZER?
………………………………………………………..
Describe the chemical test for water
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Describe the physical test for water
………………………………………………………………
Describe the laboratory preparation of hydrogen
Name the gas produced when a metal react with dilute acid
…………………………………………………….
Give the test for this gas
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Give word equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
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Give balanced equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen
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Give one example for transition metal which is used as catalyst
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Iron react with chlorine to form a yellow( brown) color solid
Name it…………………………….
Give equation for the reaction
…………………………………………………..
Give the color of ion with sodium hydroxide
Fe2+ …………………
Fe3+…………………
Cu2+ ………………
Name the compounds……………………………………………………..
Write down the action of iron over steam. Give the balanced equation ( notes)
…………………………………………………………………..
Write down the action of iron hydrogen chloride gas Give the balanced equation (notes)
………………………………………………………………………….
Color
Copper oxide-red
Copper hydroxide – blue
Copper nitrate –green
Copper sulfate- blue
Copper carbonate-black
Copper chloride- green
Write down the reaction of ammonia with copper (II) ions ( important)
………………………………………………………………………………
Give the properties of transitional metals( answer given below)
1) variable valency
2) colored compounds
3) catalytic property
Give example for Fe shows variable valency
…………………………………………………………………….
What is reactivity series? Give the order
…………………………………………………………………………………
What do you know about the reactivity of and displacement reaction?
………………………………………………………………………….
A copper dipped in silver nitrate solution .What is observation that you see
After 2hours…………………………………………………….
.
Iron nail dipped in copper sulphate ……………………………………
Silver nail dipped ii copper sulphate……………………………………
Copper nail in iron sulphate……………………………..
(Important portion)
Cat ion
Flame color
Lithium(Li+)
Sodium (Na+)
Potassium( k+)
Calcium( ca2+)
gas
test
result
oxygen
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
chlorine
Sulpher dioxide
ammonia
Test for anions
TEST
result
Chloride(Cl-)
Bromide(Br -
Iodide (I-)
Sulphate(so42+)
Sulphite( S2_)
Carbonate(CO32_)
Test for cat ion
TEST
result
Ammonia (NH4+)
Copper (Cu2+)
Iron( Fe2+)
Iron ( Fe3+)
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